diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index c430636..6f7cc3b 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -122,6 +122,13 @@ not heavy component tests.
 - **Naming:** shared/reusable UI is **English** (language-agnostic: `button`,
   `wizard-shell`); domain contexts are **Dutch** (`registratie`, `herregistratie`,
   `*.machine.ts`). Pick the language by which side of the seam the code is on.
+- **User-facing copy = `$localize`.** Every user-visible string is wrapped in Angular's
+  first-party `$localize` (no third-party i18n lib), with a stable custom id
+  (`` $localize`:@@context.key:Tekst` ``). Source locale is `nl`; a second locale is a
+  translation file, not a code change (the seam). Shared/English components must **not**
+  hardcode Dutch — expose copy as `input()`s with localizable defaults; the domain caller
+  supplies the text (see `shared/ui/async`). Format-validation messages in
+  `domain/value-objects/` stay co-located but are still `$localize`-wrapped.
 - **Forms = one idiom.** Any form with validation or submission uses a `*.machine.ts`
   (Model/Msg/reduce) + value objects + a `submit-*` command returning `Result` — the
   same shape as the wizards, whether it's one step or many. Don't hand-roll mutable
@@ -148,5 +155,5 @@ dispatch messages). Worked example: the intake wizard (`herregistratie/`).
 
 ## Out of scope (POC, don't build unprompted)
 
-Real auth/DigiD, real backend, i18n, NgRx, licensed Rijkshuisstijl font/logo,
-runtime DTO validation on every endpoint, multi-tab session sync, OpenAPI codegen.
+Real auth/DigiD, NgRx, licensed Rijkshuisstijl font/logo,
+runtime DTO validation on every endpoint, multi-tab session sync.
diff --git a/angular.json b/angular.json
index aa0e737..d1eecd6 100644
--- a/angular.json
+++ b/angular.json
@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@
                 "input": "public"
               }
             ],
-            "styles": [
-              "src/styles.scss"
-            ]
+            "styles": ["src/styles.scss"],
+            "polyfills": ["@angular/localize/init"]
           },
           "configurations": {
             "production": {
@@ -85,12 +84,7 @@
             "configDir": ".storybook",
             "browserTarget": "atomic-design-poc:build",
             "compodoc": true,
-            "compodocArgs": [
-              "-e",
-              "json",
-              "-d",
-              "."
-            ],
+            "compodocArgs": ["-e", "json", "-d", "."],
             "port": 6006
           }
         },
@@ -100,16 +94,11 @@
             "configDir": ".storybook",
             "browserTarget": "atomic-design-poc:build",
             "compodoc": true,
-            "compodocArgs": [
-              "-e",
-              "json",
-              "-d",
-              "."
-            ],
+            "compodocArgs": ["-e", "json", "-d", "."],
             "outputDir": "storybook-static"
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 5d80276..7f8e350 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
         "@angular/build": "^22.0.4",
         "@angular/cli": "^22.0.4",
         "@angular/compiler-cli": "^22.0.0",
+        "@angular/localize": "^22.0.4",
         "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "^22.0.0",
         "@compodoc/compodoc": "^1.2.1",
         "@storybook/addon-a11y": "^10.4.6",
@@ -781,6 +782,79 @@
         "rxjs": "^6.5.3 || ^7.4.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@angular/localize": {
+      "version": "22.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@angular/localize/-/localize-22.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BJELtGDcTqPjNn10pUa5Ly0Zv+yOyhNOhMl7OA7izRwgK0bWCqgTRnCFh9OWuvn+KyTLfsd9HKVxSDTmtJYEJQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/core": "7.29.7",
+        "@types/babel__core": "7.20.5",
+        "tinyglobby": "^0.2.12",
+        "yargs": "^18.0.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "localize-extract": "tools/bundles/src/extract/cli.js",
+        "localize-migrate": "tools/bundles/src/migrate/cli.js",
+        "localize-translate": "tools/bundles/src/translate/cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@angular/compiler": "22.0.4",
+        "@angular/compiler-cli": "22.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular/localize/node_modules/@babel/core": {
+      "version": "7.29.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.29.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RgHBCvtjbOK2gXSNBNIkNoEc9qoVEtau3hj8gEqKQuL3HZAibKarWFEI3Lfm6EYKkLalOh8eSrj9b+ch9H/VBA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/helpers": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/template": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.29.7",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.29.7",
+        "@jridgewell/remapping": "^2.3.5",
+        "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0",
+        "debug": "^4.1.0",
+        "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2",
+        "json5": "^2.2.3",
+        "semver": "^6.3.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/babel"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular/localize/node_modules/convert-source-map": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/convert-source-map/-/convert-source-map-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Kvp459HrV2FEJ1CAsi1Ku+MY3kasH19TFykTz2xWmMeq6bk2NU3XXvfJ+Q61m0xktWwt+1HSYf3JZsTms3aRJg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@angular/localize/node_modules/semver": {
+      "version": "6.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BR7VvDCVHO+q2xBEWskxS6DJE1qRnb7DxzUrogb71CWoSficBxYsiAGd+Kl0mmq/MprG9yArRkyrQxTO6XjMzA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@angular/platform-browser": {
       "version": "22.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@angular/platform-browser/-/platform-browser-22.0.2.tgz",
@@ -8317,6 +8391,51 @@
         "tslib": "^2.4.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/babel__core": {
+      "version": "7.20.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/babel__core/-/babel__core-7.20.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qoQprZvz5wQFJwMDqeseRXWv3rqMvhgpbXFfVyWhbx9X47POIA6i/+dXefEmZKoAgOaTdaIgNSMqMIU61yRyzA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.20.7",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.20.7",
+        "@types/babel__generator": "*",
+        "@types/babel__template": "*",
+        "@types/babel__traverse": "*"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/babel__generator": {
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/babel__generator/-/babel__generator-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ufFd2Xi92OAVPYsy+P4n7/U7e68fex0+Ee8gSG9KX7eo084CWiQ4sdxktvdl0bOPupXtVJPY19zk6EwWqUQ8lg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/types": "^7.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/babel__template": {
+      "version": "7.4.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/babel__template/-/babel__template-7.4.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-h/NUaSyG5EyxBIp8YRxo4RMe2/qQgvyowRwVMzhYhBCONbW8PUsg4lkFMrhgZhUe5z3L3MiLDuvyJ/CaPa2A8A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.1.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/babel__traverse": {
+      "version": "7.28.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/babel__traverse/-/babel__traverse-7.28.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8PvcXf70gTDZBgt9ptxJ8elBeBjcLOAcOtoO/mPJjtji1+CdGbHgm77om1GrsPxsiE+uXIpNSK64UYaIwQXd4Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/types": "^7.28.2"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/body-parser": {
       "version": "1.19.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/body-parser/-/body-parser-1.19.6.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 86e9168..7c04455 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
     "@angular/build": "^22.0.4",
     "@angular/cli": "^22.0.4",
     "@angular/compiler-cli": "^22.0.0",
+    "@angular/localize": "^22.0.4",
     "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "^22.0.0",
     "@compodoc/compodoc": "^1.2.1",
     "@storybook/addon-a11y": "^10.4.6",
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@
     "webpack-dev-server": "^5.2.5",
     "sockjs": "^0.3.24",
     "uuid": "^11.1.1",
-    "eslint": { "ajv": "^6.12.6" }
+    "eslint": {
+      "ajv": "^6.12.6"
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/app/shared/ui/async/async.component.ts b/src/app/shared/ui/async/async.component.ts
index 067421f..1d4f17c 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/ui/async/async.component.ts
+++ b/src/app/shared/ui/async/async.component.ts
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ export class AsyncErrorDirective {
           <ng-container [ngTemplateOutlet]="errorTpl()!.tpl"
             [ngTemplateOutletContext]="{ $implicit: error(), retry: retry }" />
         } @else {
-          <app-alert type="error">Er ging iets mis bij het laden van de gegevens.</app-alert>
+          <app-alert type="error">{{ errorText() }}</app-alert>
           <div style="margin-top:1rem">
-            <app-button variant="secondary" (click)="retry()">Opnieuw proberen</app-button>
+            <app-button variant="secondary" (click)="retry()">{{ retryText() }}</app-button>
           </div>
         }
       }
       @case ('Empty') {
         @if (emptyTpl()) { <ng-container [ngTemplateOutlet]="emptyTpl()!.tpl" /> }
-        @else { <p class="rhc-paragraph">Geen gegevens gevonden.</p> }
+        @else { <p class="rhc-paragraph">{{ emptyText() }}</p> }
       }
       @case ('Success') {
         <ng-container [ngTemplateOutlet]="loadedTpl().tpl"
@@ -72,6 +72,12 @@ export class AsyncComponent<T> {
   data = input<RemoteData<Error | undefined, T>>();
   isEmpty = input<(v: T) => boolean>(() => false);
 
+  // Shared/English component: copy lives behind language-agnostic inputs. Defaults are
+  // localizable via $localize (source = default locale, currently nl); callers may override.
+  errorText = input($localize`:@@async.error:Er ging iets mis bij het laden van de gegevens.`);
+  retryText = input($localize`:@@async.retry:Opnieuw proberen`);
+  emptyText = input($localize`:@@async.empty:Geen gegevens gevonden.`);
+
   loadedTpl = contentChild.required(AsyncLoadedDirective);
   loadingTpl = contentChild(AsyncLoadingDirective);
   emptyTpl = contentChild(AsyncEmptyDirective);
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index 5df75f9..dc13603 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+/// <reference types="@angular/localize" />
+
 import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser';
 import { appConfig } from './app/app.config';
 import { App } from './app/app';
 
-bootstrapApplication(App, appConfig)
-  .catch((err) => console.error(err));
+bootstrapApplication(App, appConfig).catch((err) => console.error(err));
diff --git a/tsconfig.app.json b/tsconfig.app.json
index 98d0007..064a817 100644
--- a/tsconfig.app.json
+++ b/tsconfig.app.json
@@ -4,13 +4,8 @@
   "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
   "compilerOptions": {
     "outDir": "./out-tsc/app",
-    "types": []
+    "types": ["@angular/localize"]
   },
-  "include": [
-    "src/**/*.ts"
-  ],
-  "exclude": [
-    "src/**/*.spec.ts",
-    "src/**/*.stories.ts"
-  ]
+  "include": ["src/**/*.ts"],
+  "exclude": ["src/**/*.spec.ts", "src/**/*.stories.ts"]
 }
diff --git a/tsconfig.spec.json b/tsconfig.spec.json
index d383706..ce3255e 100644
--- a/tsconfig.spec.json
+++ b/tsconfig.spec.json
@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@
   "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
   "compilerOptions": {
     "outDir": "./out-tsc/spec",
-    "types": [
-      "vitest/globals"
-    ]
+    "types": ["vitest/globals", "@angular/localize"]
   },
-  "include": [
-    "src/**/*.d.ts",
-    "src/**/*.spec.ts"
-  ]
+  "include": ["src/**/*.d.ts", "src/**/*.spec.ts"]
 }